The CNP Diet, Depression, and Anxiety Research Category consolidates research exploring the interconnected relationship between dietary intake, depression, and anxiety. To view each original study on the open internet, click “Original.” To view the CNP-written abstract summary, click “CNP Summary.” While only some of the CNP-written abstract summaries are available below for free, all abstract summaries are available to CNP members through the CNP Library Membership.
Depression, is it treatable in adults utilizing dietary interventions? A systematic review of randomized controlled trials
This 2022 review analyzed a collection of research articles that used dietary interventions as a treatment for depression among adult populations. No funding was provided for this review. Firstly there was a systematic search conducted on several databases to find studies treating adults with depression using either whole food or whole diet interventions. The studies were then assessed for quality using the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics Quality Criteria Checklist. Seven studies met the eligibility criteria, composed of 49,156 participants in total. All seven of these studies reported improvement of depressive outcomes following dietary intervention. The effect size, which calculates the strength of the relationship between the dietary intervention and depressive outcome, varied from small to very large. The data generated and reviewed was limited by the inconsistency in some of these research papers. Nevertheless, the overall findings indicate that eating fresh produce, wholegrains, low-fat dairy, and foods with lean protein is beneficial in depression. In addition, positive results were observed for reducing the intake of processed and high-fat foods.
Fish consumption and depression in Korean population: The Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 2013–2021
Adherence to the Mediterranean diet and depression, anxiety, and stress symptoms in Chilean university students: a cross-sectional study
Associations between fruit and vegetable intakes and incident depression in middle-aged and older adults from 10 diverse international longitudinal cohorts
CNP Research Summary can be found in the CNP Library Membership
A narrative review of the association between healthy dietary patterns and depression
Adherence to a Mediterranean Diet is inversely associated with anxiety and stress but not depression: A cross-sectional analysis of community-dwelling older Australians
Ketogenic diet has a positive association with mental and emotional well-being in the general population
CNP Research Summary can be found in the CNP Library Membership
Higher anthocyanin intake is associated with lower depressive symptoms in adults with and without major depressive disorder
Association of composite dietary antioxidant index with depression and all-cause mortality in middle-aged and elderly population
Metabolic profile and long-term risk of depression, anxiety, and stress-related disorders
CNP Research Summary can be found in the CNP Library Membership
Adherence to Mediterranean diet is inversely associated with depressive symptoms in older women: findings from the NutBrain Study
Association between drinking water quality and mental health and the modifying role of diet: a prospective cohort study.
CNP Research Summary can be found in the CNP Library Membership
Relationship between food group-specific intake and depression among local government employees in Japan
The mediating role of dietary inflammatory index on the association between eating breakfast and depression: Based on NHANES 2007–2018.
The Southern European Atlantic diet and depression risk: a European multicohort study.
CNP Research Summary can be found in the CNP Library Membership
Novel therapeutic targets in depression and anxiety: antioxidants as a candidate treatment.
Adherence to the Mediterranean diet and depressive, anxiety, and stress symptoms in Spanish adolescents: results from the EHDLA study
Association between dietary diversity, sedentary time outside of work and depressive symptoms among knowledge workers: a multi-center cross-sectional study
CNP Research Summary can be found in the CNP Library Membership
Eating disorders symptoms and depressive symptoms in Chinese Tibetan University students: a network analysis
Higher global diet quality score is related to lower prevalence of depression and poor quality of life among adolescent girls
The association between insulin resistance and depressive symptoms – A national representative cross-sectional study
Dietary acid load, depression, and anxiety: results of a population-based study
CNP Research Summary can be found in the CNP Library Membership
Nut consumption is associated with a lower risk of depression in adults: A prospective analysis with data from the UK Biobank cohort
The associations of dietary patterns with depressive and anxiety symptoms: A prospective study
CNP Research Summary can be found in the CNP Library Membership
Is dietary quality associated with depression? An analysis of the Australian Longitudinal Study of Women's Health Data
The association between Healthy Beverage Index and psychological disorders among overweight and obese women: A cross-sectional study
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A population-based study of macronutrient intake according to mental health status with a focus on pure and comorbid anxiety and eating disorders
A systematic review and meta-analysis of dietary patterns and depression in community-dwelling adults
CNP Research Summary can be found in the CNP Library Membership
The effect of a Mediterranean diet on the symptoms of depression in young males (the "AMMEND" study): A randomized control trial
Depression, is it treatable in adults utilising dietary interventions? a systematic review of randomised controlled trials
CNP Research Summary can be found in the CNP Library Membership
Nutrition and behavioral health disorders: Depression and anxiety
Empirically derived dietary patterns and their association with mental health: A cross-sectional sample of Iranian migraine patients (2019–2020)
CNP Research Summary can be found in the CNP Library Membership
Association of dietary fiber and depression symptom: A systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies
CNP Research Summary can be found in the CNP Library Membership
Dietary patterns and their association with anxiety symptoms among older adults: The ATTICA study
Healthy and unhealthy dietary patterns are related to depression: A case-control study
CNP Research Summary can be found in the CNP Library Membership
Nutrition and behavioral health disorders: Depression and anxiety
Empirically derived dietary patterns and their association with mental health: A cross-sectional sample of Iranian migraine patients (2019–2020)
CNP Research Summary can be found in the CNP Library Membership
Association between frequency of fried food consumption and resilience to depression in Japanese company workers: a cross-sectional study
A systematic review and meta-analysis of dietary patterns and depression in community-dwelling adults
Depression, is it treatable in adults utilising dietary interventions? A systematic review of randomised controlled trials
The consumption of wholegrain is related to depressive symptoms among Chinese adults: A cross-sectional study
CNP Research Summary can be found in the CNP Library Membership
The association of red meat consumption and mental health in women: A cross-sectional study
CNP Research Summary can be found in the CNP Library Membership
Depression is related to dietary diversity score in women: a cross-sectional study from a developing country
Analysis of the effects of nutrient intake and dietary habits on depression in Korean Adults
CNP Research Summary can be found in the CNP Library Membership
The association between diet and mental health and wellbeing in young adults within a biopsychosocial framework
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Association between dietary patterns and depressive symptoms among middle-aged adults in China in 2016-2017
CNP Research Summary can be found in the CNP Library Membership
Diet and depression: Exploring the biological mechanisms of action
Dietary habits and psychological disorders in a large sample of Iranian adults: A population-based study
CNP Research Summary can be found in the CNP Library Membership
Association between dietary patterns and depressive symptoms over time: A 10-year follow-up study of the GAZEL cohort
Depressive symptoms and vegetarian diets: Results from the Constances Cohort
CNP Research Summary can be found in the CNP Library Membership
Low fruit and vegetable intake is associated with depression among Korean adults in data from the 2014 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey
Sources of dietary fiber are differently associated with prevalence of depression
CNP Research Summary can be found in the CNP Library Membership
The association of food quality index with mental health in women: A cross-sectional study
Nutritional therapies for mental disorders
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Association of use of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids with changes in severity of anxiety symptoms a systematic review and meta-analysis
Evidence of the importance of dietary habits regarding depressive symptoms and depression
CNP Research Summary can be found in the CNP Library Membership
The association between dietary patterns and depressive symptoms in Chinese adults
Food-based diet quality score in relation to depressive symptoms in young and middle-aged Japanese women
CNP Research Summary can be found in the CNP Library Membership
Red and processed meat consumption and risk of depression: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Associations of depressive symptoms and history with three a priori diet quality indices in middle-aged and older adults
CNP Research Summary can be found in the CNP Library Membership
Associations between long-term adherence to healthy diet and recurrent depressive symptoms in Whitehall II Study
Fish oil supplementation alleviates metabolic and anxiodepressive effects of diet-induced obesity and associated changes in brain lipid composition in mice
CNP Research Summary can be found in the CNP Library Membership
Diet transition to a high-fat diet for 3 weeks reduces brain omega-3-fatty acid levels, alters BDNF signaling and induces anxiety & depression-like behavior in adult rats (animal)
HFD-induced energy states-dependent bidirectional control of anxiety levels in mice (animal)
CNP Research Summary can be found in the CNP Library Membership
Saturated fatty acid is a principal cause of anxiety-like behavior in diet-induced obese rats in relation to serum lysophosphatidyl choline level (animal)
A modified Mediterranean dietary intervention for adults with major depression: Dietary protocol and feasibility data from the SMILES trial
CNP Research Summary can be found in the CNP Library Membership
A high polyphenol diet improves psychological well-being: The polyphenol intervention trial (PPhIT)
Effects of polyphenols in a Mediterranean diet on symptoms of depression: A systematic literature review
CNP Research Summary can be found in the CNP Library Membership
Association between depression and fruit and vegetable consumption among adults in South Asia
Preventing the recurrence of depression with a Mediterranean diet supplemented with extra-virgin olive oil. The PREDI-DEP trial: Study protocol
CNP Research Summary can be found in the CNP Library Membership
Empirically derived dietary patterns in relation to psychological disorders
Dietary patterns are associated with depressive symptoms among Chinese adults: A case-control study with propensity score matching
CNP Research Summary can be found in the CNP Library Membership
Does the MIND diet decrease depression risk? A comparison with Mediterranean diet in the SUN cohort
Combined healthy lifestyle is inversely associated with psychological disorders among adults
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Dietary recommendations for the prevention of depression
Assessing healthy diet affordability in a cohort with major depressive disorders
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A review of dietary and microbial connections to depression, anxiety, and stress
Fruits and vegetables consumption and depressive symptoms: A population-based study in Peru
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Dietary fish, n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid consumption, and depression risk in Japan: A population-based prospective cohort study
Dietary seaweed intake and depressive symptoms in Japanese adults: A prospective cohort study
CNP Research Summary can be found in the CNP Library Membership
Antidepressive mechanisms of probiotics and their therapeutic potential
Adherence to the Australian dietary guidelines and development of depressive symptoms at 5 years follow-up amongst women in the READI cohort study
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Bidirectional associations between food groups and depressive symptoms: Longitudinal findings from the Invecchiare in Chianti (InCHIANTI) study
The effects of probiotics on depressive symptoms in humans: A systematic review
CNP Research Summary can be found in the CNP Library Membership
Association of use of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids with changes in severity of anxiety symptoms: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Depression and anxiety symptoms are associated with prooxidant-antioxidant balance: A population-based study
CNP Research Summary can be found in the CNP Library Membership
Possible relation between consumption of different food groups and depression
Adherence to the DASH diet in relation to psychological profile of Iranian adults
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A review of lifestyle factors that contribute to important pathways associated with major depression: Diet, sleep and exercise
The association between dietary pattern and depression in middle-aged Korean adults
CNP Research Summary can be found in the CNP Library Membership
Nutritional factors, physical health and immigrant status are associated with anxiety disorders among middle-aged and older adults: findings from baseline data of the Canadian Longitudinal Study on Aging (CLSA)
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Economic evaluation of a dietary intervention for adults with major depression (The "SMILES" Trial)
Association between fruit/vegetable consumption and mental-health-related quality of life, major depression, and generalized anxiety disorder: A longitudinal study in Thailand
CNP Research Summary can be found in the CNP Library Membership
Effects of regulating intestinal microbiota on anxiety symptoms: A systematic review
Prospective association between adherence to the Mediterranean diet and risk of depressive symptoms in the French SU.VI.MAX cohort
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A Mediterranean-style dietary intervention supplemented with fish oil improves diet quality and mental health in people with depression: A randomized controlled trial (HELFIMED)
Association of Western and traditional diets with depression and anxiety in women
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Dietary polyphenol intake and depression: Results from the Mediterranean healthy eating, lifestyle and aging (meal) study
Exploration of the association between dietary fiber intake and depressive symptoms in adults
CNP Research Summary can be found in the CNP Library Membership
Food patterns and the prevention of depression
Dietary flavonoid intake and risk of incident depression in midlife and older women
CNP Research Summary can be found in the CNP Library Membership
Understanding nutrition, depression and mental illnesses
The relation between dietary intakes and psychological disorders in Iranian adults: A population-based study
CNP Research Summary can be found in the CNP Library Membership
Diet-derived fatty acids, brain inflammation, and mental Health
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Diet quality in persons with and without depressive and anxiety disorders
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Dietary fiber and its associations with depression and inflammation
Dietary fiber intake and depressive symptoms in Japanese employees: The Furukawa Nutrition and Health Study
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Fruit and vegetable consumption and risk of depression: Accumulative evidence from an updated systematic review and meta-analysis of epidemiological studies
Healthy dietary indices and risk of depressive outcomes: A systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies
Adherence to alternative healthy eating index in relation to depression and anxiety in Iranian adults.
CNP Research Summary can be found in the CNP Library Membership
Association of a priori dietary patterns with depressive symptoms: A harmonised meta-analysis of observational studies
Adherence to healthy dietary guidelines and future depressive symptoms: Evidence for sex differentials in the Whitehall II study
CNP Research Summary can be found in the CNP Library Membership
A prospective analysis of dietary fiber intake and mental health quality of life in the Iowa Women's Health Study
Adherence to Mediterranean dietary pattern is inversely associated with depression, anxiety and psychological distress
CNP Research Summary can be found in the CNP Library Membership
Consumption of fruit and vegetables in relation with psychological disorders in Iranian adults
Frequent consumption of vegetables predicts lower risk of depression in older Taiwanese - results of a prospective population-based study
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Fruit and vegetable intake and mental health in adults: A systematic review
Association of recommended food score with depression, anxiety, and quality of life in Korean adults: The 2014-2015 National Fitness Award Project
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The global burden of disease attributable to low consumption of fruit and vegetables: implications for the global strategy on diet
The Mediterranean dietary pattern and depression risk: A systematic review
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Meat and mental health: A systematic review of meat abstention and depression, anxiety, and related phenomena
Economic evaluation of a dietary intervention for adults with major depression (the "SMILES" trial)
CNP Research Summary can be found in the CNP Library Membership
The SMILES trial: An important first step
A randomised controlled trial of dietary improvement for adults with major depression (the 'SMILES' Trial)
CNP Research Summary can be found in the CNP Library Membership
Adherence to the MIND diet and prevalence of psychological disorders in adults
The effects of dietary improvement on symptoms of depression and anxiety: A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials
CNP Research Summary can be found in the CNP Library Membership
Evidence of the importance of dietary habits regarding depressive symptoms and depression
A brief diet intervention can reduce symptoms of depression in young adults – A randomised controlled trial
CNP Research Summary can be found in the CNP Library Membership
Association between macronutrients intake and depression in the United States and South Korea