Eubiosis is a term used to describe a state of balance and harmony in the composition and function of microbes inhabiting a particular environment, such as skin, gut, or vagina. In the gut, for instance, eubiosis is characterized by beneficial microbes such as Bifidobacterium, lactic acid bacteria, or probiotics that produce beneficial components (such as SCFAs or vitamins) to support gut and overall health. In a eubiotic state, beneficial bacteria outnumber harmful microbes (Gagliardi et al., 2018).

Flourishing, good life, happiness, welfare, and well-being.

Psychology has two popular conceptions of happiness: hedonic and eudaimonic. Hedonic happiness is achieved through experiences of pleasure and enjoyment, while eudaimonic happiness is achieved through experiences of meaning and purpose. Eudaimonic well-being touches on the subjective experiences associated with living a life of virtue in pursuit of human excellence. The phenomenological experiences derived from such living include self-actualization, personal expressiveness, and vitality (Niemiec, 2014).

Eustress is positive stress arising from situations or events perceived as exciting, motivating, or challenging. It can enhance performance, promote personal growth, and contribute to a sense of accomplishment.

Executive function is the umbrella term that describes the cognitive abilities necessary for complex goal-directed behavior and adaptation to environmental changes. Executive function includes the ability to direct attentional resources to meet the demands of nonroutine events, the ability to reason, plan, and anticipate outcomes (cognitive flexibility), and the ability to perform inhibitory control and decision-making. Many definitions of executive function also include self-monitoring and self-awareness. Regions of the prefrontal cortex are thought to play a special role in handling different components of executive functions.

Executive functions refer to a set of higher-order cognitive processes that help individuals plan, organize, initiate, and complete tasks, manage time, pay attention, switch focus, regulate emotions, and inhibit impulsive behaviors. These functions are crucial for goal setting, problem-solving, and making informed decisions in various aspects of life.