Encyclopedia of Nutritional Psychology

A psychonutritional phenomenon describing the temporal gap between a person’s changing body, metabolic state, and eating patterns (for example, rapid weight loss or appetite suppression with GLP‑1 medications) and their…

Immediate gratification refers to the desire for and pursuit of instant pleasure or satisfaction without considering or prioritizing long-term consequences. It involves seeking immediate rewards or benefits rather than delaying…

Immune cells are the active components of the immune system and belong to the white blood cell (WBC) category. They provide immunity to the host by protecting them from bacterial…

The immune system is the complex network of cells, tissues, and organs that work together to defend the body against foreign invaders such as pathogens and maintain overall health.

An in vitro study (from the Latin for "in glass") is a scientific experiment or controlled research procedure conducted outside a living organism, using isolated biological components—such as cells, tissues,…

Incentive salience is a motivational property assigned by the brain to a stimulus, making it attract  attention of the individual and and 'wanted'. According to Incentive Salience Theory of Addiction,…

Incentive Sensitization is a theory proposing that repeated exposure to a rewarding stimulus—such as drugs or palatable food—leads to enhanced sensitivity of the brain’s dopaminergic systems to associated cues. This…

Incretins are gut-derived hormones released in response to food intake and are primarily responsible for metabolic functions such as stimulating insulin secretion and maintaining glucose homeostasis (Saini et al., 2015).

Inflammasomes are large protein complexes that play a central role in the immune system's response to infections and cellular stress. Inflammasomes are formed in response to specific signals and trigger…

Inflammation is the body's response to injury, infection, or irritants involving immune cell activation and the release of signaling molecules. Chronic inflammation can lead to tissue damage and is linked…