The salience of an object refers to its distinctiveness, prominence, and/or obviousness. In psychology, this term refers to any aspect of an object that makes it noticeable from the rest. Many factors can influence the salience of an object (within NP, usually a food), and the salience of an object can occur not simply because the object itself stands out because of its physical features (i.e., color, size, etc.). Still, rather, salience can be influenced by one’s interests, motivations, and previous experiences. For example, when you decide to purchase a certain car, you notice that car type on the road more often.

The feeling of fullness that occurs during a meal letting you know that you’ve eaten enough and don’t want to eat anymore. Think “at the end of a meal.”

Satiety is a feeling of “fullness” that occurs after an eating episode and has an appetite-suppressant effect (Booth, 2003).

Satiety hormones promote feelings of fullness and satisfaction after eating. Hormones like cholecystokinin (CCK) and leptin fall into this category.

Schizophrenia, which derives from the Greek words “schízein” (splitting) and “phrḗn” (mind), is a severe psychotic disorder characterized by significant deficits in cognition, behavior, and social functioning (Gaebel & Kerst, 2018; McCutcheon et al., 2020).

sIgA is an antibody secreted by plasma cells into the gut lumen. It forms a protective barrier against harmful pathogens that enter the gut through the mouth or skin. sIgA is present in bodily secretions such as saliva, tears, and breast milk (Mantis et al., 2011),.

Self-regulation refers to the conscious and nonconscious processes by which people manage their thoughts, emotions, attention, behavior, and impulses (Petinelli, 2008).

The process by which we receive information from the environment (Wozniak, 2011),.

Internal or external events have a signaling significance to an organism and subsequently affect learning and behavior. Sensory signals (sometimes referred to as “cues”) can be internally generated (i.e., through brain processes associated with perception, for example) or externally generated (through a visual cue from a food commercial). Food cues affect hunger and nutritional choices (Duszka et al., 2020).

The transformation of physiological sensory stimulus (sight, sound, smell, taste) into meaningful information that is informed by cognitive (i.e., memory/decision making), behavioral (i.e., habits), psychological (i.e., emotions/mood), psychosocial (environment), and interoceptive (internal sensation) processes and experience.