Encyclopedia of Nutritional Psychology

Fad diets are popular but often short-lived dietary trends or weight-loss plans that promote quick results. They usually focus on specific foods or eating patterns and may lack scientific support…

Fats are lipid molecules that serve as an essential energy source, insulator, and structural component of cells. Different types of fats, including saturated, unsaturated, and trans fats, have varying effects…

Fecal microbiota transplant (FMT) is a medical procedure in which processed stool from a rigorously screened, healthy donor is transferred into the gastrointestinal tract of a recipient — via colonoscopy,…

Fermentation is a metabolic process where microorganisms, such as bacteria, break down complex carbohydrates in the digestive system, producing various byproducts, including short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) and gases like carbon…

Fermented foods refer to foods and beverages that are produced as a result of the biochemical conversion of non-digestible carbohydrates (NDCs) by gut microbiota to produce the energy for bacterial…

The "fight or flight" response is a physiological reaction that prepares the body to confront a threat (fight) or escape from it (flight). It is triggered by the sympathetic nervous…

Fight-Flight-or-Freeze System or FFFS is one of the three systems regulating human behavior proposed by Gray’s reinforcement sensitivity theory. The functioning of the FFFS determines how prone a person is…

Food addiction refers to a condition where individuals exhibit compulsive behaviors, cravings, and loss of control around food consumption, similar to patterns observed in substance addiction. It involves a complex…

Food affordability refers to the extent to which individuals or households can financially afford to purchase an adequate and nutritious diet within their budget constraints. It focuses specifically on whether…

A conditioned response to food is frequently accompanied by increased salivation, physiological arousal, and neural activity in brain regions such as the ventral striatum (VS). This response is conditioned through…