Encyclopedia of Nutritional Psychology

C-reactive protein (CRP) is a protein produced by the liver in response to inflammation. It is commonly used as a biomarker to assess levels of systemic inflammation in the body,…

A diet used in animal research that includes human foods high in palatability, including sugar, salt, spices, and contents (e.g., biscuits, wafers, condensed milk, sausages, and soft drinks) that have…

Calorie restriction refers to the practice of reducing calorie intake while still maintaining essential nutrient intake for optimal health. This dietary approach involves consuming fewer calories than what is typically…

Carbohydrates are organic compounds (i.e., carbon-based compounds) consisting of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen atoms. They serve as a primary source of energy for living organisms. Carbohydrates can be simple sugars…

One of the mini-theories that are part of the Self-determination theory. It proposes that there are three main ways in which a person can motivate oneself called causality orientations. People…

The central nervous system (CNS) is the body’s command center, consisting of the brain and spinal cord. It receives, processes, transfers information, and regulates all bodily functions (Farley et al.,…

Innate and learned physiological reactions to sensory signals that prepare the gastrointestinal tract for the optimal processing of ingested foods (Smeets, 2010).

Cerebral Cortex is the outermost convoluted surface layer of the brain, the primary function of which is to coordinate sensory and motor information.

The cervicovaginal microbiome refers to the diverse population of microorganisms, such as bacteria, fungi, and viruses, that reside within the cervicovaginal tract. This microbial ecosystem is essential for maintaining reproductive…

Cholecystokinin (CCK) is a type of gut hormone that is released after a meal, helps digestion, and reduces appetite (Gribble & Reimann, 2016).