Encyclopedia of Nutritional Psychology

Endocrine cells are specialized cells that produce and release hormones directly into the bloodstream. These hormones play a critical role in regulating numerous bodily functions, including growth, metabolism, mood, and…

The endocrine system is a complex network of glands and organs in the human body that produce and release hormones. These hormones are chemical messengers that regulate various physiological functions,…

Endotoxins are the toxic substances released from the cell walls of specific bacterial proteins, particularly gram-negative bacteria when damaged or dying. For instance, lipopolysaccharide (LPS) is a type of endotoxin…

Energy balance is the harmony between the energy you consume through food and the energy your body uses through activities and metabolic processes. When intake matches expenditure, weight remains stable.…

The enteric nervous system (ENS) is a complex network of neurons located in the walls of the gastrointestinal tract, extending from the esophagus to the rectum. Often referred to as…

Enterochromaffin cells (ECs) are the type of endocrine cells primarily located in the epithelium of the small intestine, especially in the duodenum and jejunum. They are also present in the…

Enteroendocrine cells (EECs) are specialized cells found in the lining of the small and large intestines. They produce and secrete hormones and peptides that regulate various digestive system functions. These…

The enduring pleasure derived from the aesthetic appreciation of food’s sensory and symbolic value (Cornil & Chandon, 2016). This approach draws on research in the social and cultural dimensions of…

Epigenetics is the study of how behaviors and environmental influences can modify gene expression without altering the DNA sequence itself. These epigenetic changes affect how genes are read and can…

Essential amino acids are a group of nine amino acids that the human body cannot synthesize independently and must obtain through dietary sources. They are essential for various physiological processes…