Encyclopedia of Nutritional Psychology

Chronic inflammation is a prolonged and sustained inflammatory response that can last weeks, months, or even years. Unlike acute inflammation, chronic inflammation can be persistent and unresolved, leading to tissue…

Chronic Stress is a long-term and persistent stress that results from continuous exposure to stressors. Unlike acute stress, chronic stress can have negative effects on both physical and mental health…

Chrononutrition is a field of nutrition science that examines how the timing, frequency, and temporal distribution of food intake interact with the body's endogenous circadian rhythms to influence physiological functioning,…

Climate change refers to long-term shifts in weather patterns and temperatures on Earth, often attributed to human activities such as burning fossil fuels, deforestation, and industrial processes. It leads to…

When we refer to “cognition” within Nutritional Psychology, we define the mental processes associated with attention, perception, thinking, learning, memory, and other higher-order processes.

Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) is a structured, time-limited, evidence-based form of psychotherapy that focuses on the interrelationships among thoughts, emotions, physiological responses, and behaviors, and how patterns of thinking and…

Cognitive decline refers to a measurable reduction in one or more cognitive abilities — such as memory, attention, executive function, language, learning, judgment, and processing speed — from an individual's…

Cognitive dissonance is a psychological theory that refers to the mental discomfort or tension that arises when an individual holds two or more contradictory beliefs, values, or attitudes, especially when…

Cognitive distortions are irrational, biased, or exaggerated thought patterns that negatively influence perception, decision-making, and emotions. These automatic, often unconscious, thinking errors can reinforce maladaptive behaviors, such as emotional eating…

One of the mini-theories that are part of the Self-determination theory. It explains the effects of extrinsic factors on intrinsic motivation. Its basic premise is that if an individual perceives…