Encyclopedia of Nutritional Psychology

BALB/c mice are a widely used strain of laboratory mice commonly used in biomedical research (i.e., including immunology, oncology, and infectious disease research) due to their genetic uniformity, susceptibility to…

The basal ganglia is a part of the brain comprising multiple structures that primarily modulate motor tone and involuntary motor movement. Damage to this area is implicated in movement disorders…

One of the three behavioral systems proposed by Gray’s Reinforcement Sensitivity Theory.  It determines how sensitive a person is to rewards, differentiating between people who are very keen to act,…

One of the three behavioral systems proposed by Gray’s Reinforcement Sensitivity Theory. Individuals with pronounced BIS are prone to experiencing anxiety. They will tend to intensely worry and ruminate (extensively…

Behavioral mechanisms refer to the processes and actions that govern an individual's behavior. These mechanisms encompass how people respond to stimuli in their environment, make decisions, and engage in various…

Behaviorism is a school of thought in psychology defined by the belief that behavior of organisms can be described in terms of stimuli and reactions to them (without considering cognition…

An enzyme produced by certain gut microbes that deconjugates glucuronidated compounds, including estrogen, allowing them to be reabsorbed into circulation. gmGUS activity plays a key role in regulating estrogen levels…

A relationship that goes both ways, with each variable of interest affecting the other.

A bidirectional relationship is a two-way connection in which each side influences the other. In nutritional psychology, it describes how what we eat shapes how we think and feel, while how we think and feel shapes what we eat.

Binge eating refers to the consumption of an objectively large amount of food in a discrete period of time (e.g., within two hours), accompanied by a subjective sense of loss…