Neuroinflammation denotes the localized inflammation in the brain or nervous system triggered by diverse stimuli, including injury, infection, chronic diseases, and poor dietary habits characterized by excessive consumption of processed foods, saturated fats, and sugars. This process involves immune cells and molecules and may harm neural tissue.

Neuromarketing is a marketing technique that employs sensory stimuli, such as music, visual imagery, and color, to elicit subconscious emotional responses that influence consumer behavior. This approach leverages neuroscience to shape perceptions and drive purchasing decisions, often without consumers’ conscious awareness.

Neurons, also known as nerve cells, are the basic building blocks of the nervous system. They are specialized cells that process and transmit information through electrical impulses. Neurons play a central role in all brain and nervous system functions, including thinking, feeling, and controlling bodily functions.

Neuropeptide Y is a peptide neurotransmitter in the brain that stimulates hunger and increases food intake. It is associated with promoting appetite.

Neuropeptides are a class of signaling molecules produced in the nervous system and other tissues throughout the body. They are typically larger and more complex than neurotransmitters and are made up of chains of amino acids. Neuropeptides can act as neurotransmitters, neuromodulators, or hormones and can have a wide range of effects on cells and tissues of the body (Holzer et al., 2012).

Neuroplasticity, often called brain plasticity, is the capacity of the brain to reorganize and adapt by forming new neural connections throughout life. This is essential for learning, memory, and the brain’s ability to recover from injuries or adapt to new experiences.

In Nutritional Psychology, this term refers to the nutritional mechanisms and strategies that aim to protect the nervous system.

Neuroscience is a multidisciplinary field that explores the structure and function of the nervous system, which encompasses the brain, spinal cord, and peripheral nerves. It investigates how the nervous system influences behavior, cognition, and mental health.

Neurotransmitters are a specific class of signaling molecules released by neurons to communicate with other neurons or target cells. They are typically small molecules, such as amino acids or amines, and are synthesized and stored in synaptic vesicles within nerve terminals. When a nerve impulse reaches the terminal, neurotransmitters are released into the synapse, binding to receptors on the target cell, triggering a response. (Sheng et al., 2021),.

Neurotrophins are proteins that belong to a class of growth factors that promote neuronal cell growth, differentiation, function, and survival (Bartkowska et al., 2010). The brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is an example of a neurotrophin.