Incretins are gut-derived hormones released in response to food intake and are primarily responsible for metabolic functions such as stimulating insulin secretion and maintaining glucose homeostasis (Saini et al., 2015).

Inflammasomes are large protein complexes that play a central role in the immune system’s response to infections and cellular stress. Inflammasomes are formed in response to specific signals and trigger the activation of inflammatory pathways by releasing proinflammatory molecules, specifically cytokines.

Inflammation is the body’s response to injury, infection, or irritants involving immune cell activation and the release of signaling molecules. Chronic inflammation can lead to tissue damage and is linked to various diseases.

Inflammatory depression refers to a subtype of depression where systemic chronic inflammation contributes to the condition’s onset and persistence. Studies suggest that around one-quarter of individuals with depression may experience this form, with higher baseline inflammation linked to poorer responses to standard antidepressant treatments. This distinction may allow for more targeted treatment approaches.

The involuntary or voluntary ability to withhold behavior. This capacity is generally considered an executive function at the voluntary level.

Injunctive social norms reflect what most group members think they should do (i.e., ‘you should eat more vegetables’). Thus, an injunctive norm involves one’s perception of what most others think they should do.

The innate immune system is a subdivision of the immune system. It consists of various physical and chemical barriers that serve as the first line of defense against pathogens. The innate immune system is naturally developed from birth and responds quickly to kill pathogens on the spot within a few hours. It prevents the germs from spreading in a limited range.

Attachment styles characterized by either high anxiety, high avoidance, or both.  They typically arise from caregivers being inconsistently responsive, distant, or both, which can impair emotional regulation and development. These styles include avoidant (dismissive) attachment style, anxious (preoccupied) attachment style, and fearful-avoidant attachment style.

A brain structure considered to be the hub of Interoception that lies within the cerebral cortex of the brain.

Insulin is a peptide hormone secreted by the β-cells of the islets of Langerhans in the pancreas to maintain normal glucose levels and to regulate many metabolic processes that provide energy to cells (Wilcox, 2005).