Encyclopedia of Nutritional Psychology

Viscosity refers to the thickness or the "resistance to flow" of a substance. Foods and fluids that are thinner have lower viscosity, and those that are thicker have higher viscosity.…

Food-extrinsic factors are influences on how people perceive and evaluate a food item that come from outside the food itself. Food-extrinsic factors include food packaging, labelling, branding, price of the…

Food-intrinsic sensory factors are characteristics of a food item that human senses can perceive. These include the color of the food product, its texture, viscosity, etc. The taste and smell…

Free radicals are reactive molecules with unpaired electrons, causing them to seek stability by taking electrons from other molecules. This process, called oxidative stress, can damage cells and is linked…

Fullness hormones induce a feeling of satiety and reduce the desire to eat. Cholecystokinin (CCK) and leptin are examples of fullness hormones.

Functional Medicine is a systems-biology practice framework that seeks the root causes of chronic disease by mapping interactions among genetics, environment, lifestyle, and physiology, using personalized nutrition, supplementation, and lifestyle interventions alongside medical, psychiatric, and psychological care.

Gamma aminobutyric acid (GABA) is the principal inhibitory neurotransmitter in the central nervous system (CNS), where it helps regulate neuronal excitability and maintain a balance between excitatory and inhibitory signaling.…

Gastric emptying is the process by which the stomach releases its contents into the small intestine at a rate regulated by meal composition, hormonal and neural signaling, and psychological state. Its pace shapes satiety, glycemic response, appetite hormone release, and gut-brain signals relevant to mood and eating beh

The gastrointestinal tract (GIT), also known as the gut, digestive tract, or alimentary canal, is a long, twisted hollow tube that extends from the mouth to the anus and is…

The GBA-microbiota crosstalk is a bidirectional communication system between the gut, microbiota, and brain. This communication occurs physically or biochemically and interlinks the gut with the cognitive and emotional centers…