Psychiatry is the branch of medicine focused on the causation, prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of mental and behavioral disorders. Psychiatry addresses conditions such as mood disorders, anxiety disorders, psychotic disorders, and neurodevelopmental disorders, contributing to an improved quality of life and mental well-being.

Psychobiotics are beneficial live microorganisms that, upon consumption, provide mental health benefits by influencing the gut-brain connection through the modulation of the gut microbiota.

An inability to stop oneself from overeating in response to environmental and other cues is associated with obesity and high weight gain (Dao, 2019).

A term used within Nutritional Psychology denotes the continuum of psychological functioning (subclinical effects) to mental health (clinical effects).

Psychological mechanisms encompass the various processes and functions related to the mind and behavior. This broad term includes cognitive processes, emotional responses, motivations, perceptions, and other mental functions that shape human thoughts and actions.

Psychological mechanisms in the context of the DMHR (Diet-mental health relationship) involve cognitive, emotional, and motivational processes that influence how dietary habits affect mental health. These mechanisms include thought patterns, emotional responses, and motivations that shape food choices and dietary behaviors.

Psychological resilience refers to an individual’s ability to adapt and bounce back from adversity, trauma, or stress. It involves mental toughness, emotional strength, and the capacity to maintain a stable and positive mental state in the face of challenges.

Psychology is the scientific study of the mind and behavior. It involves exploring and understanding various aspects of our cognition, emotion, perception, personality, and social interaction.

Psychoneuroimmunology (PNI) is a field of study that investigates the interactions and communication between the nervous, endocrine, and immune systems. It explores how psychological factors, such as stress, emotions, and cognitive processes, can influence immune function and how immune responses, in turn, can impact neurological and psychological processes.

Psychonutrition studies how nutrition impacts psychological well-being and cognitive function, aiming to use dietary interventions to improve mental health.