Probiotics are live microorganisms, often bacteria, that, when administered in adequate quantities, confer beneficial effects on the host’s health by modulating the composition and function of the gut microbiota.

Proteins are essential macronutrients composed of amino acids. They are vital in building and repairing tissues, enzymes, hormones, and immune function.

Proteomics is a branch of biology that studies proteins’ function, expression, and degradation within living organisms (Graves & Haystead, 2002).

Psychiatry is the branch of medicine focused on the causation, prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of mental and behavioral disorders. Psychiatry addresses conditions such as mood disorders, anxiety disorders, psychotic disorders, and neurodevelopmental disorders, contributing to an improved quality of life and mental well-being.

Psychobiotics are beneficial live microorganisms that, upon consumption, provide mental health benefits by influencing the gut-brain connection through the modulation of the gut microbiota.

An inability to stop oneself from overeating in response to environmental and other cues is associated with obesity and high weight gain (Dao, 2019).

A term used within Nutritional Psychology denotes the continuum of psychological functioning (subclinical effects) to mental health (clinical effects).

Psychological mechanisms encompass the various processes and functions related to the mind and behavior. This broad term includes cognitive processes, emotional responses, motivations, perceptions, and other mental functions that shape human thoughts and actions.

Psychological mechanisms in the context of the DMHR (Diet-mental health relationship) involve cognitive, emotional, and motivational processes that influence how dietary habits affect mental health. These mechanisms include thought patterns, emotional responses, and motivations that shape food choices and dietary behaviors.

Psychological resilience refers to an individual’s ability to adapt and bounce back from adversity, trauma, or stress. It involves mental toughness, emotional strength, and the capacity to maintain a stable and positive mental state in the face of challenges.