Encyclopedia of Nutritional Psychology

Genes are the instruction manuals of living organisms made up of intricate DNA sequences; their function is to direct the production of specific proteins and enzymes required for survival.

The germ-free (GF) animal model refers to the study of animals raised in a sterile environment free of microorganisms (i.e., beneficial and pathogenic microbes) for research purposes (Bhattarai & Kashyap,…

Ghrelin is often referred to as the "hunger hormone." It is produced by the stomach and stimulates appetite, signaling to the brain that it's time to eat (Pradhan et al.,…

A gland is a group of cells whose function is to produce and secrete a specific substance (such as hormones, digestive juices, tears, saliva, and milk) either directly into the…

GLP-1 medications (glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists) are prescription drugs originally developed to treat type 2 diabetes that work by influencing appetite regulation, blood sugar control, and gastrointestinal function. Individuals with…

Glycans are sugar molecules with proteins and lipids in their chemical structure.

The Glycemic Index (GI) is a scale that measures how quickly a carbohydrate-containing food raises blood glucose levels compared to a reference food, reflecting its impact on post-meal blood sugar…

Glycoproteins are molecules composed of carbohydrates and proteins. Mucin, for example, is a type of glycoprotein that gives the mucus layer a gel-like consistency.

The term "gnotobiotic" refers to the study of organisms inoculated in a carefully controlled environment containing one or a few types of organisms to observe their influence on the body…

Gram-staining is a traditional laboratory technique used to rapidly classify bacterial species into two broad categories: gram-positive and gram-negative, according to their type of cell wall.