Encyclopedia of Nutritional Psychology

Enterochromaffin cells (ECs) are the type of endocrine cells primarily located in the epithelium of the small intestine, especially in the duodenum and jejunum. They are also present in the…

Enteroendocrine cells (EECs) are specialized cells found in the lining of the small and large intestines. They produce and secrete hormones and peptides that regulate various digestive system functions. These…

The enduring pleasure derived from the aesthetic appreciation of food’s sensory and symbolic value (Cornil & Chandon, 2016). This approach draws on research in the social and cultural dimensions of…

Epigenetics is the study of how behaviors and environmental influences can modify gene expression without altering the DNA sequence itself. These epigenetic changes affect how genes are read and can…

Essential amino acids are a group of nine amino acids that the human body cannot synthesize independently and must obtain through dietary sources. They are essential for various physiological processes…

Essential fatty acids (EFAs) are fats that the body needs for important functions but cannot produce itself, so they must be obtained from the diet. They include omega-3 and omega-6…

The collection of gut microbial genes and species capable of metabolizing estrogens. Through enzymes such as beta-glucuronidase, the estrobolome influences the amount of active estrogen circulating in the body and…

The alteration of estrogen’s levels, activity, or effects in the body, whether through natural physiological changes, disease processes, medications, or microbiome interactions. This modulation can influence the development or progression…

Eubiosis is a term used to describe a state of balance and harmony in the composition and function of microbes inhabiting a particular environment, such as skin, gut, or vagina.…

Flourishing, good life, happiness, welfare, and well-being.