Enteric Nervous System (ENS)

The enteric nervous system (ENS) is a complex network of neurons located in the walls of the gastrointestinal tract, extending from the esophagus to the rectum. Often referred to as the “second brain”, it functions independently and communicates with the central nervous system. In the context of the MGBA, it is an active communication pathway through which the gut influences the brain and vice versa.