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Exploring plant-based diets and mental health outcomes: A systematic review
Exploring effects of plant-based diets on mental health
Recent research underscores the significance of plant-based diets in promoting gut microbiota health and enhancing mental well-being. This systematic review evaluates the effects of vegan or strictly plant-based diets on mental health outcomes, specifically anxiety, depression, and eating disorders. The literature was rigorously searched using databases such as PubMed, Scopus, CINAHL, and PsycInfo, focusing on studies published post-2015. A total of 560 articles were identified, with 13 studies meeting the inclusion criteria after a thorough screening process. These studies encompassed 8,110 participants, including 2,336 adhering to plant-based diets and 5,774 in control groups. The study designs varied, including observational studies, one prospective study, and one randomized controlled trial (RCT). Findings indicated that individuals following plant-based diets experienced significant mental health benefits, including reductions in anxiety and depression and healthier eating behaviors. Diets rich in fiber and antioxidants correlated with lower stress levels, while processed plant-based diets were linked to exacerbated mood symptoms. Additionally, a risk of orthorexia nervosa was observed among those adopting vegan diets primarily for health reasons, whereas ethical motivations appeared to confer protective effects. While evidence suggests that plant-based diets can enhance mental health, the potential for disordered eating necessitates further investigation. The variability in study designs and inconsistent reporting of mental health outcomes highlight the critical need for additional randomized controlled trials in this domain. [NPID: plant-based, vegan, anxiety, depression, mental health, microbiota]
Year: 2025
