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Promoting cognitive health through the nexus of gut microbiota and dietary phytochemicals
The intricate interactions between gut microbiota and cognitive function have emerged as a significant area of research at the intersection of neuroscience and nutrition. This review systematically evaluates the bidirectional relationship between dietary phytochemicals and gut microbiota, elucidating their potential mechanisms for promoting cognitive health. The discussion begins by illustrating how dysbiosis in gut microbiota can lead to cognitive decline through the transmission of gut-derived signals to the central nervous system via the gut–brain axis. It then focuses on how phytochemicals function as modulators of gut microbiota composition and undergo microbial-mediated metabolic transformations. Special attention is given to four key microbial-derived metabolites—urolithins, sulforaphane, equol, and hesperidin—that demonstrate neuroprotective effects through antioxidative, anti-inflammatory, neuroprotective, and metabolic regulatory pathways. Additionally, the review highlights the influence of individual variability in gut microbiota composition on the efficacy of phytochemical biotransformation, underscoring the implications for precision nutrition interventions. Emerging evidence suggests that the synergistic regulation of the gut–brain axis by dietary phytochemicals and gut microbiota provides a robust theoretical framework for developing innovative strategies aimed at preserving cognitive function. Future research should aim to clarify the molecular mechanisms underlying specific microbe–phytochemical interactions and expedite the clinical translation of personalized nutrition strategies. [NPID: phytochemicals, microbiota, metabolites, neuroprotective, cognitive decline, microbial-derived metabolites]
Year: 2025
