Diet, Aging and Neurodegeneration (Adult Population)

Various epidemiological studies have explored the link between coffee or tea consumption and the likelihood of cognitive disorders, yet findings have been inconclusive. To further the understanding of this topic, Zhu et al. (2024) conducted a comprehensive review and meta-analysis to examine the impact of coffee, tea, and caffeine intake on cognitive disorder risk. The review searched PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science databases up to January 2022, gathering studies on dementia, Alzheimer's disease (AD), and cognitive decline. After meticulous data extraction and quality assessment by two independent reviewers, 22 prospective studies and 11 case-control studies involving 389,505 participants were included. According to the investigation, drinking tea or coffee was linked to a lower incidence of cognitive impairments. Subgroup analysis highlighted significant influences of ethnicity, gender, and outcomes on this association. Notably, when it came to coffee and tea drinking, the protective impact seemed greater for males than women. A non-linear correlation between coffee intake and AD risk was observed, with maximum protection at around 2.5 cups/day. Conversely, a linear relationship was identified between tea consumption and cognitive disorders, with risk decreasing by 11% for every additional cup consumed per day. Overall, the meta-analysis suggests that consuming 2.5 cups of coffee per day could minimize AD risk. In contrast, a daily intake of one cup of tea may lead to an 11% reduction in cognitive deficits. These findings imply that incorporating coffee and tea into dietary interventions could potentially mitigate the onset of dementia.