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Using self-determination theory to understand eating behaviors and weight change in emerging adults
Emerging adulthood, particularly during the college years, is a critical period for establishing eating patterns that may affect long-term weight trajectories. This research applies Self-Determination Theory (SDT) to analyze the relationship between basic psychological needs (autonomy, competence, relatedness) and their impact on body satisfaction, eating behaviors, and weight change among college students. In a cross-sectional study involving 875 undergraduates (57% women; mean age = 20 years; mean BMI = 24.3), participants completed assessments regarding their need satisfaction and frustration, behavioral regulation related to healthy weight, body satisfaction, and weight control behaviors during their first semester in college. Results from structural equation modeling indicated that satisfaction of psychological needs was positively correlated with autonomous regulation of behaviors, which in turn was linked to increased body satisfaction and higher intake of fruits and vegetables. In contrast, frustration of these needs was associated with controlled regulation, leading to decreased body satisfaction. Participants exhibiting greater body satisfaction reported fewer unhealthy weight control behaviors, while those engaging in such behaviors experienced greater weight gain during the initial semester. Notably, fruit and vegetable consumption did not correlate with changes in weight. The findings revealed stronger associations for women, particularly regarding the links between body satisfaction, unhealthy weight control behaviors, and weight gain. In conclusion, the study supports the premise that satisfaction of psychological needs and autonomous motivation may enhance body satisfaction and promote healthier eating behaviors among college students. Further longitudinal studies are recommended to investigate the dynamics influencing health behaviors and weight changes in this demographic. [NPID: Self-Determination Theory, SDT, behaviors, psychological, motivation, body satisfaction, fruits, vegetables]
Year: 2020
