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Beyond weight loss: GLP-1 usage and appetite regulation in the context of eating disorders and psychosocial processes
The introduction of glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RAs) represents a significant advancement in managing obesity and diabetes. However, these medications may also affect individuals’ eating behaviors, emotions, and perceptions of body image, prompting important questions in the realm of eating disorder (ED) research and treatment.
This narrative review synthesizes recent evidence on the psychological and behavioral impacts of GLP-1RAs, utilizing a biopsychosocial and equity-focused lens. A targeted search through major databases from 2015 to September 2025 was conducted, integrating terms related to GLP-1RAs and psychological or ED concerns. The inclusion criteria emphasized empirical, theoretical, and clinically relevant psychological, behavioral, and sociocultural outcomes.
The findings indicate that GLP-1RAs can diminish feelings of hunger and reduce the frequency of binge eating episodes, which might offer advantages for those with binge-oriented eating disorders. Nonetheless, research on their effects concerning restrictive eating disorders is still sparse, and the appetite suppression associated with these drugs may exacerbate perfectionistic or rigid controlling behaviors.
While there are reports of short-term declines in emotional eating, the long-term psychological safety of GLP-1RAs remains uncertain. Additionally, rapid weight loss induced by medications can alter one’s body image. Compounding this issue, social media often idealizes thinness, which can further stigmatize individuals facing these challenges.
These psychological impacts intersect with existing inequities in healthcare access, particularly affecting adolescents and those from culturally diverse or economically disadvantaged backgrounds. As such, it is critical to consider the implications of GLP-1RA use not only as a medical intervention but also as a potential psychological risk factor.
In conclusion, there is a pressing need for future research and clinical practice to incorporate developmental, cultural, and experiential perspectives in their approaches to GLP-1RA use. Collaborative research efforts and multidisciplinary monitoring are vital for mitigating stigma, addressing health inequities, and fostering a psychologically informed care environment. [NPID: GLP-1RAs, body image, perfectionist]
Year: 2026
