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24-h dietary intake and its relationship with nutritional knowledge and behaviors in older adults with type 2 diabetes in Vietnam
The impact of nutritional knowledge and dietary behaviors on dietary intake
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) represents a significant public health issue in Vietnam, especially among the elderly, where dietary intake plays a crucial role in disease management. This study aims to investigate the impact of nutritional knowledge and dietary behaviors on dietary intake in Vietnamese older adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). A cross-sectional analysis involving 355 older adults with T2DM was conducted at Vinh Yen City Medical Center, Vinh Phuc, Vietnam. The study gathered data through anthropometric measurements, biochemical parameters, and 24-hour dietary recalls, while nutritional knowledge and dietary behaviors were evaluated via structured questionnaires. Regression analyses were employed to assess associations with glycemic control. Results indicated that overweight and obese participants had significantly higher energy intake, as well as higher protein, carbohydrate, and fat intake, compared to their normal-weight counterparts. Notably, poor nutritional knowledge was found in 51% of overweight/obese individuals versus 19% of those of normal weight, with only 16.3% adhering to dietary guidelines. Increased energy intake was positively associated with elevated HbA1c levels, while carbohydrate intake demonstrated an inverse relationship. Additionally, a higher BMI correlated with lower HbA1c levels. In conclusion, the study highlights significant disparities in dietary intake among older adults with T2DM in Vietnam, particularly linked to poor nutritional knowledge and low dietary adherence, especially among those who are overweight or obese. These findings underscore the necessity for targeted dietary interventions, including structured nutritional counseling and culturally tailored educational programs aimed at enhancing adherence and glycemic control. Addressing barriers such as limited nutritional knowledge and economic constraints is crucial for strengthening glycemic control and informing effective public health strategies. [NPID: Diabetes, nutrition knowledge, obese, dietary behaviors]
Year: 2025
