BioPsychoSocial Model (BPSM)

A biopsychosocial–spiritual perspective is used within social work as defined by the NASW and recognizes the importance of whole-person care, taking into account a client’s physical or medical condition; emotional or psychological state; socioeconomic, sociocultural, and sociopolitical status; and spiritual needs and concerns.

Person-in-environment framework: Social workers understand that each individual experiences a mutually influential relationship with their physical and social environment and cannot be understood outside of that context. This ecological perspective recognizes that systemic injustice and oppression underlie many of the challenges clients face.