The CNP Diet and Beneficial Microbes Research Category consolidates research exploring the interdependent relationship between probiotics, psychobiotics, synbiotics, and mental health. To view each original study on the open internet, click “Original.” To view the CNP-written abstract summary, click “CNP Summary.” While only some CNP-written abstract summaries are available below for free, all are available to CNP members through the CNP Library Membership.
This 2019 study utilizes the data on 26,118 adult participants (aged 19-64) in the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES, 2012-2016) to examine the relationship between probiotic food intake (assessed through a food frequency questionnaire) and depression status (determined using a Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) and self-reported clinical diagnosis). The subjects in the highest tertile of probiotic consumption had significantly lower odds of PHQ-9 depression severity (odds ratio [OR] = 0.48) and self-reported clinical depression (OR = 0.59) compared with those in the lowest tertile. No significant association was observed between probiotics and clinical depression among the women (OR = 0.85, P = 0.3081), but men in the highest tertile were significantly less likely to suffer from clinical depression (OR = 0.24, P = 0.0256). Although further research would be required to elucidate the mechanism behind probiotics’ relationship with depression, these findings implicate probiotic food intake with improving depression rates, especially among men.
Multi-level analysis of the gut-brain axis shows autism spectrum disorder-associated molecular and microbial profiles
Impact of consuming a milk drink containing a probiotic on mood and cognition
Consumption of fermented milk product with probiotic modulates brain activity
CNP Research Summary can be found in the CNP Library Membership
Assessment of psychotropic-like properties of a probiotic formulation (Lactobacillus helveticus R0052 and Bifidobacterium longum R0175) in rats and human subjects
Acceptability, tolerability, and estimates of putative treatment effects of probiotics as adjunctive treatment in patients with depression: A randomized clinical trial
CNP Research Summary can be found in the CNP Library Membership
A microbial-based approach to mental health: The potential of probiotics in the treatment of depression
Effects of probiotics on depressive or anxiety variables in healthy participants under stress conditions or with a depressive or anxiety diagnosis: A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials
CNP Research Summary can be found in the CNP Library Membership
Efficacy of probiotics on anxiety-A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials
The efficacy, safety, and tolerability of probiotics on depression: clinical results from an open-label pilot study
CNP Research Summary can be found in the CNP Library Membership
Effects of probiotics on cognitive reactivity, mood, and sleep quality
CNP Research Summary can be found in the CNP Library Membership
Probiotic supplementation improves cognitive function and mood with changes in gut microbiota in community-dwelling older adults: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, multicenter trial
CNP Research Summary can be found in the CNP Library Membership
Probiotic food consumption is associated with lower severity and prevalence of depression: A nationwide cross-sectional study
Probiotic consumption relieved human stress and anxiety symptoms via modulating the gut microbiota and neuroactive potential
CNP Research Summary can be found in the CNP Library Membership
Clinical, gut microbial and neural effects of a probiotic add-on therapy in depressed patients: A randomized controlled trial
Association between consumption of fermented food and food-derived prebiotics with cognitive performance, depressive, and anxiety symptoms in psychiatrically healthy medical students under psychological stress: A prospective cohort study
CNP Research Summary can be found in the CNP Library Membership
Effect of probiotics on psychiatric symptoms and central nervous system functions in human health and disease: A systematic review and meta-analysis
CNP Research Summary can be found in the CNP Library Membership
Lactobacillus rhamnosus CNCM I-3690 decreases subjective academic stress in healthy adults: A randomized placebo-controlled trial
Effects of prebiotic galacto-oligosaccharide on postoperative cognitive dysfunction and neuroinflammation through targeting of the gut-brain axis
CNP Research Summary can be found in the CNP Library Membership
Targeting the microbiota-gut-brain axis: Prebiotics have anxiolytic and antidepressant-like effects and reverse the impact of chronic stress in mice
Anxiolytic effects of a galacto-oligosaccharides prebiotic in healthy females (18–25 years) with corresponding changes in gut bacterial composition
CNP Research Summary can be found in the CNP Library Membership
Nutrient intake and gut microbial genera changes after a 4-week placebo controlled galacto-oligosaccharides intervention in young females
Effect of psychobiotics on psychometric tests and inflammatory markers in Major Depressive Disorder: Meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials with meta-regression
CNP Research Summary can be found in the CNP Library Membership
Effects of probiotic NVP-1704 on mental health and sleep in healthy adults: An 8-week randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial
Oral administration of S-Adenosylmethionine (SAMe) and Lactobacillus Plantarum HEAL9 improves the mild-to-moderate symptoms of depression: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study
CNP Research Summary can be found in the CNP Library Membership
Probiotics: A potential immunotherapeutic approach for the treatment of schizophrenia
Adjunctive probiotic microorganisms to prevent rehospitalization in patients with acute mania: A randomized controlled trial
CNP Research Summary can be found in the CNP Library Membership
Probiotic lactobacillus plantarum 299v decreases kynurenine concentration and improves cognitive functions in patients with major depression: A double-blind, randomized, placebo controlled study
Lost in translation? The potential psychobiotic Lactobacillus rhamnosus (JB-1) fails to modulate stress or cognitive performance in healthy male subjects
CNP Research Summary can be found in the CNP Library Membership
The anxiolytic effect of probiotics: A systematic review and meta-analysis of the clinical and preclinical literature
CNP Research Summary can be found in the CNP Library Membership
Probiotics and subclinical psychological symptoms in healthy participants: A systematic review and meta-analysis
CNP Research Summary can be found in the CNP Library Membership
A randomized controlled trial to test the effect of multispecies probiotics on cognitive reactivity to sad mood
CNP Research Summary can be found in the CNP Library Membership
Probiotic supplementation attenuates hippocampus injury and spatial learning and memory impairments in a cerebral hypoperfusion mouse model
CNP Research Summary can be found in the CNP Library Membership
The gut-brain relationship: Investigating the effect of multispecies probiotics on anxiety in a randomized placebo-controlled trial of healthy young adults
Probiotic supplementation can positively affect anxiety and depressive symptoms: A systematic review of randomized controlled trials
CNP Research Summary can be found in the CNP Library Membership
Supplementation with combined Lactobacillus helveticus R0052 and Bifidobacterium longum R0175 across development reveals sex differences in physiological and behavioural effects of western diet in Long–Evans rats (animal)
Probiotic Bifidobacterium longum NCC3001 reduces depression scores and alters brain activity: A pilot study in patients with Irritable Bowel Syndrome
CNP Research Summary can be found in the CNP Library Membership
Probiotics for the treatment of depressive symptoms: An anti-inflammatory mechanism?
Gut feeling: Randomized controlled trials of probiotics for the treatment of clinical depression: Systematic review and meta-analysis
CNP Research Summary can be found in the CNP Library Membership
Effect of a multistrain probiotic (Lactoflorene ® Plus) on inflammatory parameters and microbiota composition in subjects with stress-related symptoms
Effects of a psychobiotic supplement on serum brain-derived neurotrophic factor levels in depressive patients: A post hoc analysis of a randomized clinical trial
CNP Research Summary can be found in the CNP Library Membership
Effect of probiotic interventions on depressive symptoms: A narrative review evaluating systematic reviews
Probiotic food consumption is associated with lower severity and prevalence of depression: A nationwide cross-sectional study
CNP Research Summary can be found in the CNP Library Membership
Prebiotics and probiotics for depression and anxiety: A systematic review and meta-analysis of controlled clinical trials
Effect of probiotics on depression: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials
CNP Research Summary can be found in the CNP Library Membership
Clinical and metabolic response to probiotic administration in patients with major depressive disorder: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial
The effects of probiotics and prebiotics on mental disorders: A review on depression, anxiety, Alzheimer, and Autism Spectrum Disorders