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The association of vitamin deficiency with depression risk in late-life depression: a review
Late-life depression (LLD) is a growing concern in aging populations, significantly affecting both mental and physical health by contributing to cognitive impairment, physical limitations, and the worsening of chronic illnesses. Recent studies suggest that vitamin supplementation may be a beneficial adjunctive treatment for LLD, addressing its complex causes, which include issues such as mitochondrial dysfunction, brain inflammation, and oxidative stress. Through various biological processes, certain vitamins, including the B-complex vitamins (B1, B6, B9, and B12), vitamin D, and antioxidants such as vitamins C and E, may be beneficial. For example, vitamin D influences serotonin production and calcium balance, while B vitamins help reduce harmful homocysteine levels and support cellular energy production. Antioxidants may shield brain tissue from oxidative stress, which exacerbates depression. Research shows a link between low vitamin D levels and increased depression risk, and combined B-vitamin supplements can improve symptoms in those with nutritional deficiencies. Still, clinical findings vary due to differences in supplement dosages, absorption, and health conditions of the individuals studied. This review by Gao et al. (2025) consolidates current knowledge on how vitamins impact cellular processes in LLD, evaluates the efficacy of various treatments, and recommends personalized dietary approaches for optimal outcomes. The goal is to support evidence-based use of vitamins in treating Late-life depression (LLD), tailored to the needs of older adults. [NPID: Late-life depression, vitamins, clinical efficacy, cellular mechanisms, nutritional intervention]
Year: 2025
