The neurobiology of overeating

This review article explores the complex interplay between overeating, obesity, and the neurobiological mechanisms that underlie these phenomena. It emphasizes the significance of both homeostatic and hedonic feeding systems, with a particular focus on the hypothalamus and reward systems that govern food intake and energy balance. Dysregulation in these systems is implicated in overeating, particularly in cases of genetic syndromes and environmental influences that affect appetite regulation, especially in the context of highly palatable foods. The article further investigates the concept of ‘food addiction,’ drawing comparisons to drug addiction, and discusses the cellular substrates for addiction-related behaviors. It also evaluates current pharmacological treatments for obesity, notably GLP-1 receptor agonists, in relation to synaptic plasticity and their effects on overeating and exposure to palatable foods. A comprehensive model integrating findings from addiction research is proposed as a framework for developing effective interventions aimed at maladaptive feeding behaviors. Ultimately, this review highlights the importance of understanding the neurobiological basis of overeating as a means to combat the growing public health challenge of obesity. [NPID: Obesity, overeating, neorbiological mechanisms, highly palatable foods, addiction, GLP-1]

Year: 2025

Reference: Stuber, G. D., Schwitzgebel, V. M., & Lüscher, C. (2025). The neurobiology of overeating. Neuron, 113(11), 1680–1693. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuron.2025.03.010

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