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Gut microbiota-brain axis in depression: The role of neuroinflammation
Carlessi et al. (2019) explain that since treatments used for major depressive disorder (MDD) are not universally effective, some of the attention has shifted to associating different systems/pathways with MDD pathogenesis. Some studies have indicated elevated levels of inflammatory mediators (such as cytokines and chemokines) in both peripheral and central nervous systems (CNS). This review focuses on the research conducted on the relationship between inflammation with the gut microbiota-brain axis and with MDD. There is evidence linking microglial activation with triggering signaling cascades and gene expression that would be indicative of the onset of depressive symptoms. It has also been proposed that responses to treatments can be dictated by the microglia, which is reactive to the systemic inflammation induced by alterations in the gut microbiota. Finally, prebiotics and probiotics have shown promise in this area of research, exhibiting antidepressant responses and anti-inflammatory effects. [NPID: microbiome, MGBA, gut-brain axis, gut microbiome, major depressive disorder, inflammation, prebiotics, probiotics]
Year: 2021
