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Interplay between (poly)phenols, gut microbiota, and biological rhythms: outlook for a new paradigm in brain health
This review investigates the intricate relationships between dietary (poly)phenols, gut microbiota, and circadian rhythms in the context of neuroprotection. (Poly)phenols, prevalent in plant-based foods, are bioactive compounds that undergo significant metabolism by the host and its gut microbiota, generating metabolites that have profound effects on systemic and brain health. Although (poly)phenols exhibit low bioavailability, they are consistently linked with neuroprotective effects, including the reduction of neuroinflammation and the enhancement of gut-brain communication. Notably, circadian rhythms not only influence the bioactivity of (poly)phenols but are also modulated by these compounds. The diurnal oscillations of gut microbiota play a crucial role in (poly)phenol metabolism, further complicating their health implications through the production of bioactive metabolites. Understanding these mechanisms is essential for developing functional foods and precision nutrition strategies that aim to enhance neuroprotection. However, significant gaps remain, particularly regarding the effects of individual gut microbiota profiles, polyphenol-related metabotypes, and circadian synchrony on (poly)phenol metabolism and neuroprotection. Moreover, the timing of (poly)phenol consumption and its interaction with rhythmic microbial processes warrant further investigation. Addressing these knowledge gaps could facilitate the development of targeted dietary interventions. Future research should emphasize human trials and multi-omics approaches to elucidate these complex interactions, ultimately advancing precision health strategies that promote cognitive resilience and mitigate the risk of neurodegenerative diseases. [NPID: bioactive, polyphenols, microbiota, circadian, neuroinflammation]
Year: 2025
