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A systematic review on the impact of nutrition and possible supplementation on the deficiency of vitamin complexes, iron, omega-3-fatty acids, and lycopene in relation to increased morbidity in women after menopause
Maintaining a nutritious, well-balanced diet throughout the menopausal transition and after menopause is vital for women to help lower their risk of chronic illnesses and other health problems that can arise from nutrient deficiencies. This study aimed to systematically review existing research examining how a lack of specific vitamins and nutrients affects the health of postmenopausal women, particularly regarding the development of chronic conditions and comorbidities. To gather relevant evidence, observational studies were identified through searches in PubMed, UpToDate, and Google Scholar. Out of 122 studies reviewed, 90 met the inclusion criteria for analysis. Due to significant differences in statistical approaches among the studies, it was not possible to perform a meta-analysis. The review concentrated on the roles of vitamin B6, vitamin B12, vitamin D, iron, omega-3 fatty acids, and lycopene (a carotenoid) in health outcomes. Deficiencies in these nutrients among postmenopausal women were linked to a higher susceptibility to various health issues, including cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, metabolic disorders, osteoporosis, obesity, cancer, and neurodegenerative conditions such as Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, depression, cognitive decline, dementia, and stroke. The findings suggest that after menopause, women are more likely to experience multiple nutrient deficiencies, which contributes to an elevated risk of chronic disease. Therefore, sustaining adequate nutrient and vitamin levels—either by consuming a diet rich in fresh fruits, vegetables, and healthy fats or by using appropriate supplements—is essential to support good health and quality of life in this stage of life. However, further up-to-date research is necessary to develop clear, evidence-based recommendations that can lead to improved clinical outcomes for postmenopausal women.
[NPID: B-vitamins; Chronic diseases; Diet; Iron; Lycopene; Micronutrients; Neurodegenerative and cardiovascular diseases; Omega-3-fatty acids; Osteoporosis; Postmenopause; Vitamin D; Vitamin deficiency].
Year: 2024
