Ephi Lu

Food Texture

Food texture is defined as a group of physical properties derived from food structure that can be sensed by elements of the oral and…

Food Viscosity

Viscosity refers to the thickness or the “resistance to flow” of a substance. Foods and fluids that are thinner have lower viscosity, and those…

Free Radicals

Free radicals are reactive molecules with unpaired electrons, causing them to seek stability by taking electrons from other molecules. This process, called oxidative stress,…

Fullness hormones

Fullness hormones induce a feeling of satiety and reduce the desire to eat. Cholecystokinin (CCK) and leptin are examples of fullness hormones.

GABA (Gamma-Aminobutyric Acid)

GABA is an inhibitory neurotransmitter that regulates brain activity by reducing neuronal excitability. It counterbalances the effects of excitatory neurotransmitters, contributing to the overall…

Gastrointestinal Tract (GIT)

The gastrointestinal tract (GIT), also known as the gut, digestive tract, or alimentary canal, is a long, twisted hollow tube that extends from the…

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